Presets Reference

This document lists all available presets in MIDI Sketch.

New to these settings?

Each preset is a bundle of the config fields taught in the course. The capstone chapter Mapping Concepts to Config shows how every preset value maps back to a musical idea.

Structure Patterns

18 song structure patterns are available:

ID	Name	Bars	Duration @120 BPM	Sections
0	StandardPop	24	0:48	A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
1	BuildUp	28	0:56	Intro(4)-A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
2	DirectChorus	16	0:32	A(8)-Chorus(8)
3	RepeatChorus	32	1:04	A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)-Chorus(8)
4	ShortForm	12	0:24	Intro(4)-Chorus(8)
5	FullPop	56	1:52	Intro-A-B-Chorus-A-B-Chorus-Outro
6	FullWithBridge	48	1:36	Intro-A-B-Chorus-Bridge-Chorus-Outro
7	DriveUpbeat	48	1:36	Intro-Chorus-A-B-Chorus-Chorus-Outro
8	Ballad	60	2:00	Intro(8)-A-B-Chorus-Interlude-B-Chorus-Outro
9	AnthemStyle	56	1:52	Intro-A-Chorus-A-B-Chorus-Chorus-Outro
10	ExtendedFull	88	2:56	Full form with extended sections
11	ChorusFirst	32	1:04	Chorus(8)-A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
12	ChorusFirstShort	24	0:48	Chorus(8)-A(8)-Chorus(8)
13	ChorusFirstFull	56	1:52	Chorus-A-B-Chorus-A-B-Chorus
14	ImmediateVocal	24	0:48	A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8) (no intro)
15	ImmediateVocalFull	48	1:36	A-B-Chorus-A-B-Chorus (no intro)
16	AChorusB	32	1:04	A(8)-Chorus(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)
17	DoubleVerse	32	1:04	A(8)-A(8)-B(8)-Chorus(8)

Section Types

Type	Vocal Density	Energy	Purpose
Intro	None	Low	Establish mood
A	Sparse	Medium-Low	Verse, storytelling
B	Full	Medium	Pre-chorus, tension
Chorus	Full	High	Hook, payoff
Bridge	Sparse	Medium	Contrast
Interlude	None	Low	Instrumental break
Outro	None	Medium-Low	Resolution
Chant	None	Low	Call-and-response chant
MixBreak	None	High	MIX break before the last chorus
Drop	None	High	EDM drop: kick and sub-bass only, then re-entry

Duration Calculation

At 120 BPM: 1 bar ≈ 2 seconds. Use targetDurationSeconds=0 to use the exact pattern duration, or specify a target duration for auto-generated structures.

Mood Presets

24 mood presets define the overall feel:

ID	Name	BPM	Drum Style	Character
0	StraightPop	120	Standard	Classic pop groove
1	BrightUpbeat	130	Upbeat	Syncopated, energetic
2	EnergeticDance	140	FourOnFloor	Dance-oriented
3	LightRock	125	Rock	Guitar-oriented feel
4	MidPop	110	Upbeat	Balanced mid-tempo
5	EmotionalPop	105	Sparse	Sentimental, softer
6	Sentimental	100	Standard	Ballad-like
7	Chill	85	Sparse	Relaxed, minimal
8	Ballad	75	Sparse	Slow, sparse drums
9	DarkPop	115	FourOnFloor	Darker, dramatic
10	Dramatic	100	Rock	High expression
11	Nostalgic	105	Standard	Retro feel
12	ModernPop	125	Upbeat	Contemporary
13	ElectroPop	135	FourOnFloor	Electronic, dance
14	IdolPop	145	Upbeat	J-pop idol style
15	Anthem	130	Upbeat	Triumphant, grand
16	AnimeHighEnergy	130	Synth	Anime-style high-energy pop
17	Synthwave	118	Synth	Retro synth, neon
18	FutureBass	145	Synth	Modern electronic
19	CityPop	110	Standard	80s city pop vibe
20	RnBNeoSoul	92	Standard	R&B/Neo-Soul, strong swing, extended chords; practical band 85-100
21	LatinPop	95	Latin	Latin Pop, dembow rhythm, tresillo bass
22	Trap	70	Trap	Trap, half-time feel, 808 sub-bass, hi-hat rolls
23	Lofi	80	Sparse	Lo-fi, strong swing, max velocity 90

Mood Categories

Chord Progressions

22 chord progressions: twenty of four chords and two of five.

Diatonic four-chord loops

ID	Name	Degrees	In C
0	FourChordPop	I - V - vi - IV	C - G - Am - F
1	Pop1	I - vi - IV - V	C - Am - F - G
2	Axis	vi - IV - I - V	Am - F - C - G
3	Pop2	IV - I - V - vi	F - C - G - Am
4	Classic	I - IV - V - I	C - F - G - C
5	Pop3	I - IV - vi - V	C - F - Am - G
6	Oudou	IV - V - iii - vi	F - G - Em - Am
9	Pop4	I - V - iii - IV	C - G - Em - F
10	Pop5	I - iii - IV - V	C - Em - F - G
13	Extended4	I - V - vi - iii	C - G - Am - Em

Minor-flavoured four-chord loops

ID	Name	Degrees	In C
7	Minor1	vi - V - IV - V	Am - G - F - G
8	Minor2	vi - IV - V - I	Am - F - G - C
14	Minor3	vi - I - V - IV	Am - C - G - F
16	AnimeHighEnergy1	vi - iii - IV - I	Am - Em - F - C
18	AnimeHighEnergy2	vi - ii - V - I	Am - Dm - G - C

Borrowed and jazz-leaning

ID	Name	Degrees	In C
11	Rock1	I - bVII - IV - I	C - Bb - F - C
12	Rock2	I - IV - bVII - I	C - F - Bb - C
15	AeolianPop	vi - bVI - bVII - I	Am - Ab - Bb - C
17	JazzPop	ii - V - I - vi	Dm - G - C - Am
19	CityPop	I - vi - ii - V	C - Am - Dm - G

Five-chord

ID	Name	Degrees	In C
20	Extended5	I - V - vi - iii - IV	C - G - Am - Em - F
21	NeapolitanPop	vi - iv - bII - V - I	Am - Fm - Db - G - C

Style Presets

17 style presets that combine mood, structure, and composition approach:

Choosing a Style Preset

Style presets provide sensible defaults for BPM, structure, vocal attitude, and recommended chord progressions. You can override any of these settings after calling createDefaultConfig().

ID	Name	Description	Default BPM
0	Minimal Groove Pop	Repetitive 2-4 chord loops, simple melody	122
1	Dance Pop Emotion	Classic structure, emotional chorus release	128
2	Bright Pop	Upbeat, memorable melodies with simple structure	135
3	Idol Standard	Unison-friendly, memorable melodies	140
4	Idol Emotion	Emotional idol songs with building pre-chorus	130
5	Idol Energy	High-energy idol songs for live performances	150
6	Idol Minimal	Minimal idol songs for short-form content	135
7	Rock Shout	Aggressive vocals with raw expression	125
8	Pop Emotion	Word-driven emotional pop with lyrical focus	108
9	Raw Emotional	Intense emotional expression with boundary-breaking phrases	102
10	Acoustic Pop	Clear harmony, rhythm-light, vocal-centered	95
11	Live Call & Response	Concert-ready with call-response structure	140
12	Background Motif	Motif-driven defaults with subdued vocals; uses MelodyLead	120
13	City Pop	Groovy 80s Japanese city pop with jazzy chords	105
14	Anime Opening	Epic, dramatic anime OP style with building energy	142
15	EDM Synth Pop	Modern electronic dance music with synth leads	138
16	Emotional Ballad	Slow emotional ballad with expressive vocals	72

Style Categories

Category	IDs	Description
Pop/Dance	0-2	General pop and dance styles
Idol	3-6	Japanese idol music styles
Rock/Emo	7-9	Rock and emotional styles with raw expression
Special/Derived	10-12	Acoustic, live, and ambient styles
Genre-Specific	13-16	City pop, anime, EDM, and ballad styles

Composition Styles

3 composition approaches:

Style	Focus	Vocal	Aux	Key Features
MelodyLead (0)	Vocal melody	Yes	Yes	Full melodic expression; Motif follows paradigm, riff, addictive, and Blueprint gates
BackgroundMotif (1)	Repeating pattern	No	Yes	Motif generation enabled; section masks/layering apply; Aux stays active
SynthDriven (2)	Synth/Arpeggio	No	No	Motif generation enabled; section masks/layering apply; arpeggio requires manual arpeggioEnabled=true

BGM-Only Modes

BackgroundMotif and SynthDriven do not generate vocal tracks. BackgroundMotif keeps Aux active and enables Motif generation; SynthDriven disables both Vocal and Aux and enables Motif generation. Section masks and layer schedules determine where Motif notes remain. Use MelodyLead for songs with vocals.

Production Blueprints

10 production blueprints control how the music is generated (arrangement style), independent of style/mood:

ID	Name	Paradigm	RiffPolicy	Drums Required	Weight
0	Traditional (standard pop)	Traditional	Free	-	42%
1	RhythmLock (rhythm-locked)	RhythmSync	Locked	Yes	14%
2	StoryPop (unfolds like a story)	MelodyDriven	Evolving	-	10%
3	Ballad (quiet opening)	MelodyDriven	Free	-	4%
4	IdolStandard (idol mainstream)	MelodyDriven	Evolving	-	10%
5	IdolHyper (chorus up front)	RhythmSync	Locked	Yes	6%
6	IdolKawaii (cute and bouncy)	MelodyDriven	Locked	-	5%
7	IdolCoolPop (danceable beat)	RhythmSync	Locked	Yes	5%
8	IdolEmo (calm into explosion)	MelodyDriven	Locked	-	4%
9	BehavioralLoop (addictive loop)	RhythmSync	LockedPitch	-	0%*
255	(Random)	-	-	-	-

*BehavioralLoop: explicit selection only (weight 0%, not randomly selected). Forces addictive_mode=true, HookIntensity=Maximum, RiffPolicy=LockedPitch.

Use blueprintId: 255 for auto-selection based on weights.

Generation Paradigms

Paradigm	Track Order	Description
Traditional	Vocal → Aux → Motif → Bass → Chord → Guitar → Arpeggio → Drums → SE	Classic pop generation
RhythmSync	Motif → Vocal → Aux → Bass → Chord → Guitar → Arpeggio → Drums → SE	Motif-first, rhythm-locked groove
MelodyDriven	Vocal → Aux → Motif → Bass → Chord → Guitar → Arpeggio → Drums → SE	Melody-centered, accompaniment follows

Traditional and MelodyDriven share the same track order; what separates them is collision priority. Under Traditional the Motif outranks Bass and Chord, so they move out of its way. Under MelodyDriven the Motif drops below both, and it is the Motif that yields.

RiffPolicy

Policy	Value	Description
Free	0	Each section varies independently
LockedContour	1	Contour locked, rhythm varies
LockedPitch	2	Pitch fully locked, velocity varies
LockedAll	3	All aspects locked
Evolving	4	The cached riff is mutated once per section, so it drifts while keeping its identity

Note: Locked is an alias for LockedContour (1). motifRepeatScope is read only under Free; every other policy ignores it.

Blueprint Override

Blueprints 1-8 carry their own section flow, which replaces the formId setting. BehavioralLoop (9) defines no section flow, so it keeps whatever formId resolves to. The full order is targetDurationSeconds > formExplicit=true > blueprint section flow > the structure pattern from formId. Use ID 0 (Traditional) to keep full control of form structure.

MelodyLead

BackgroundMotif

No Vocal in BackgroundMotif

BackgroundMotif disables the Vocal track. The Aux track remains active and provides sub-melody support alongside the motif.

SynthDriven

No Vocal/Aux in SynthDriven

SynthDriven disables both the Vocal and Aux tracks. Arpeggio must be manually enabled (arpeggioEnabled=true) as it is not auto-enabled.

Arpeggio Patterns

8 concrete arpeggio patterns, available in any composition style when arpeggioEnabled=true:

ID	Name	Description
0	Up	Ascending pattern
1	Down	Descending pattern
2	UpDown	Up then down pattern
3	Random	Random note order
4	Pinwheel	Rotating pattern
5	PedalRoot	Root pedal tone with moving upper voices
6	Alberti	Classical Alberti bass pattern
7	BrokenChord	Broken chord pattern

For SongConfig, arpeggioPattern: 255 and arpeggioSpeed: 255 select Auto values from the mood. arpeggioGate: -1 uses the style default; concrete values override these defaults.

Vocal Attitudes

3 melodic expression levels:

Attitude	Characteristics	Best For
Clean	Chord tones only, on-beat	Pop, ballad
Expressive	Tensions, timing variation	Emotional, dynamic
Raw	Non-chord tones, boundary breaking	Edgy, modern

Melody Templates

melodyTemplate takes 8 values — Auto plus 7 concrete templates — and each defines the core melodic behavior using a template-driven approach:

ID	Name	Plateau	Max Step	Use Case
0	Auto	-	-	VocalStyle-based selection
1	PlateauTalk	0.70	2	Talk-like, narrow-range pop
2	RunUpTarget	0.20	3	Anime high-energy, dramatic pop
3	DownResolve	0.40	2	B-section, pre-chorus
4	HookRepeat	0.55	2	Short-form, K-POP hooks
5	SparseAnchor	0.30	4	Sparse, sustained ballad phrasing
6	CallResponse	0.35	3	Duet patterns
7	JumpAccent	0.25	5	Emotional peaks

• Plateau ratio: Probability of staying on the same pitch (0.0-1.0)
• Max step: Maximum melodic interval in semitones

Vocal Style Presets

14 vocal style presets. A style does not pick one melody template for the whole song: the template is resolved per section, from a style-and-section override table first and the section default second.

ID	Name	Verse (A)	Chorus	Character
0	Auto	PlateauTalk	HookRepeat	Section defaults
1	Standard	PlateauTalk	HookRepeat	Balanced pop vocal
2	Vocaloid	RunUpTarget	RunUpTarget	Fast, wide leaps
3	UltraVocaloid	RunUpTarget	RunUpTarget	Extreme speed (32nd notes)
4	Idol	CallResponse	HookRepeat	Catchy hooks, group calls
5	Ballad	SparseAnchor	SparseAnchor	Slow, sustained
6	Rock	PlateauTalk	JumpAccent	Powerful, register shift
7	CityPop	PlateauTalk	HookRepeat	Jazzy, groovy
8	Anime	PlateauTalk	HookRepeat	Dynamic hooks
9	BrightKira	CallResponse	HookRepeat	High register
10	CoolSynth	PlateauTalk	HookRepeat	Electronic, precise
11	CuteAffected	CallResponse	HookRepeat	Playful, cute
12	PowerfulShout	PlateauTalk	JumpAccent	Intense, shout-y
13	KPop	PlateauTalk	HookRepeat	Syncopation focus, hook-driven

Rock, PowerfulShout and the three idol styles additionally use CallResponse in the Bridge.

Vocal Style Categories

Melodic Complexity

3 complexity levels affecting melody generation:

Level	Effect	Use Case
Simple (0)	Reduced density, smaller leaps, more hooks	Catchy, memorable
Standard (1)	Default behavior	General use
Complex (2)	Increased density, larger leaps, more variation	Sophisticated

Hook Intensity

5 hook repetition levels:

Level	Effect	Use Case
Off (0)	No hook repetition	Progressive, varied
Light (1)	Light hook presence	Subtle callbacks
Normal (2)	Standard repetition	Balanced pop (default)
Strong (3)	Strong hook emphasis	Catchy, commercial
Maximum (4)	Maximum repetition, simple patterns only	BehavioralLoop; set automatically by blueprintId=9

Vocal Groove Feel

6 rhythm feel options:

Groove	Effect	Best For
Straight (0)	On-beat, no swing	Pop, rock
OffBeat (1)	Off-beat emphasis	Reggae-influenced
Swing (2)	Swing timing	Jazz, R&B
Syncopated (3)	Syncopated rhythm	Latin, funk
Driving16th (4)	16th note drive	Electronic, fast pop
Bouncy8th (5)	Bouncy 8th notes	Upbeat pop

Syncopation Dependency

The syncopation effects of VocalGroove (OffBeat, Swing, Syncopated, Driving16th, Bouncy8th) only take effect when enableSyncopation=true. When enableSyncopation=false, syncopation weight is forced to 0.0, syncopation_prob is set to 0.0, and allow_bar_crossing is set to false. Timing offsets (e.g., +60 ticks for OffBeat) are applied regardless of the enableSyncopation setting.

Energy Curve

4 energy curve options control how energy progresses throughout the song:

Value	Name	Description
0	GradualBuild	Gradually building energy (default)
1	FrontLoaded	High energy from the start, settling later
2	WavePattern	Wave-like energy progression
3	SteadyState	Maintain consistent energy level

Mora Rhythm Mode

3 rhythm modes for syllable timing:

Value	Name	Description
0	Standard	English stress-timed rhythm
1	MoraTimed	Japanese mora-timed (equal syllable groups)
2	Auto	Auto-select from VocalStylePreset (default)

syllabicSubRate adds a syllabic subdivision setting alongside moraRhythmMode: 0 keeps the style default and does not turn subdivision off; 1-100 overrides the style ratio as a percentage.

Melody Overrides

Fine-grained melody parameters that override VocalStylePreset and MelodicComplexity defaults. Sentinel values (0, 0xFF, -128) preserve preset defaults.

Parameter	Range	Default	Description
melodyMaxLeap	0=preset, 1-12	0	Maximum melodic leap in semitones
melodySyncopationProb	0-100, 0xFF=preset	0xFF	Syncopation probability (%)
melodyPhraseLength	0=preset, 1-8	0	Phrase length in bars
melodyLongNoteRatio	0-100, 0xFF=preset	0xFF	Long note ratio (%)
melodyChorusRegisterShift	-12 to +12, -128=preset	-128	Chorus register shift in semitones
melodyHookRepetition	0=preset, 1=off, 2=on	0	Hook repetition (tri-state)
melodyUseLeadingTone	0=preset, 1=off, 2=on	0	Leading tone insertion at section boundaries (tri-state)

Parameter Application Order

Melody overrides are applied after StylePreset, VocalStylePreset, and MelodicComplexity. User-specified values always take the highest priority.

Motif Overrides

Fine-grained motif parameters that override style defaults:

Parameter	Range	Default	Description
motifLength	0=auto, 1/2/4	0	Motif length in bars
motifNoteCount	0=auto, 3-8	0	Number of notes in the motif
motifMotion	0xFF=preset, 0-5	0xFF	Motion type (0=Stepwise, 1=GentleLeap, 2=WideLeap, 3=NarrowStep, 4=Disjunct, 5=Ostinato)
motifRegisterHigh	0=auto, 1=low, 2=high	0	Register range
motifRhythmDensity	0xFF=preset, 0-2	0xFF	Rhythm density (0=Sparse, 1=Medium, 2=Driving)

Drive Feel

Continuous value 0-100 controlling performance intensity:

• 0 = Laid-back (relaxed timing, lower velocity)
• 50 = Neutral (default)
• 100 = Aggressive (ahead timing, higher velocity, enhanced syncopation with enableSyncopation=true)

Key Options

12 keys available (0-11):

ID	Key	Notes
0	C	Natural, no sharps/flats
1	C# / Db	7 sharps / 5 flats
2	D	2 sharps
3	D# / Eb	3 flats
4	E	4 sharps
5	F	1 flat
6	F# / Gb	6 sharps / 6 flats
7	G	1 sharp
8	G# / Ab	4 flats
9	A	3 sharps
10	A# / Bb	2 flats
11	B	5 sharps

BPM Range

Valid tempo range: 40-240 BPM

BPM Setting

• Set to 0 to use the style preset's default BPM
• Each style preset has an optimal default BPM setting
• BPM outside the 40-240 range will cause validation errors

Configuration Examples

Simple Pop Song

import { createDefaultConfig } from '@libraz/midi-sketch'

// Use MinimalGroovePop preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.key = 0                  // C major
config.chordProgressionId = 0   // FourChordPop (I-V-vi-IV)
config.formId = 0               // StandardPop
config.bpm = 0                  // Use default (122)
config.drumsEnabled = true

Emotional Ballad

// Use Emotional Ballad preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(16) // Emotional Ballad
config.key = 7                         // G major
config.chordProgressionId = 4          // Classic (I-IV-V-I)
config.formId = 8                      // Ballad structure
config.bpm = 0                         // Use default (72)
config.drumsEnabled = true

Ballad Tempo

Ballad presets typically have slow default tempos (72-95 BPM). If you need a faster ballad, explicitly set config.bpm.

Anime Opening Style

// Use Anime Opening preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(14) // Anime Opening
config.key = 2                         // D major
config.chordProgressionId = 2          // Axis (vi-IV-I-V)
config.bpm = 0                         // Use default (142)
config.drumsEnabled = true
config.vocalStyle = 2                  // Vocaloid style
config.melodicComplexity = 2           // Complex melodies
config.hookIntensity = 3               // Strong hooks

Vocaloid-style Melodies

For dramatic-pop-style dense melodies with wide intervals, use:

• vocalStyle: 2 (Vocaloid) or vocalStyle: 3 (UltraVocaloid)
• melodicComplexity: 2 (Complex)
• melodyTemplate: 2 (RunUpTarget)

Chill Background

// Use Background Motif defaults with the BGM composition style
const config = createDefaultConfig(12)  // Background Motif defaults (MelodyLead mapping)
config.key = 5                          // F major
config.chordProgressionId = 5           // Pop3 (I-IV-vi-V)
config.formId = 4                       // ShortForm
config.bpm = 95
config.drumsEnabled = false             // No drums for ambient
config.compositionStyle = 1             // BackgroundMotif
config.compositionStyleExplicit = true

Background Motif Style

The Background Motif preset (ID 12) uses MelodyLead, with motif-oriented defaults and subdued vocal settings. For vocal-free BGM, set compositionStyle=1 and compositionStyleExplicit=true; this style disables Vocal while keeping Aux active.

Idol Pop with Calls

// Use Idol Standard preset
const config = createDefaultConfig(3)  // Idol Standard
config.key = 0                         // C major
config.callSetting = 1                 // Enable call track (0=Auto, 1=Enabled, 2=Disabled)
config.introChant = 1                  // Gachikoi intro
config.mixPattern = 1                  // Standard mix
config.callDensity = 2                 // Standard density
config.modulationTiming = 1            // Modulate at last chorus
config.modulationSemitones = 2         // Up 2 semitones

Syncopation & Groove

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.enableSyncopation = true        // Enable syncopation
config.vocalGroove = 3                 // Syncopated rhythm

Energy Curve

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.energyCurve = 1                 // FrontLoaded energy

Melody Fine-Grained Control

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.melodyMaxLeap = 5              // Max melodic leap in semitones
config.melodyPhraseLength = 4         // Phrase length in bars
config.melodyHookRepetition = 2       // Hook repetition ON (tri-state: 0=preset, 1=off, 2=on)

Motif Fine-Grained Control

const config = createDefaultConfig(12) // Background Motif defaults (MelodyLead mapping)
config.motifLength = 4                 // Motif length in bars
config.motifNoteCount = 5             // Number of notes in motif
config.motifMotion = 1                // Motif motion type
config.motifRhythmDensity = 2         // Rhythm density level
config.compositionStyle = 1            // BackgroundMotif
config.compositionStyleExplicit = true

Guitar Track

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.guitarEnabled = true            // Enable guitar track

R&B / Neo-Soul

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.mood = 20                      // RnBNeoSoul mood
config.moodExplicit = true            // Use the explicit mood instead of style default
config.chordExt7th = true             // Enable 7th extensions
config.chordExt9th = true             // Enable 9th extensions

Lo-fi BGM

const config = createDefaultConfig(12) // Background Motif defaults (MelodyLead mapping)
config.mood = 23                      // Lofi mood
config.moodExplicit = true            // Use the explicit mood instead of style default
config.compositionStyle = 1           // BackgroundMotif
config.compositionStyleExplicit = true

Mora Timing

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.moraRhythmMode = 1             // MoraTimed (Japanese mora-timed)

BehavioralLoop

const config = createDefaultConfig(0)
config.blueprintId = 9                // BehavioralLoop (addictive loop)